This text includes a self-contained theory of inequality problems and their applications to unilateral mechanics. Fundamental theoretical results and related methods of analysis are discussed on various examples and applications in mechanics. The work can be seen as a book of applied nonlinear analysis entirely devoted to the study of inequality problems, that is, variational inequalities and hemivariational inequalities in mathematical models and their corresponding applications to unilateral mechanics. It contains a systematic investigation of the interplay between theoretical results and concrete problems in mechanics. The book is self-contained and offers the possibility to learn about inequality models and to acquire the essence of the theory in a relatively short time.