Steel: A Manual for Steel-Users

Whilst the greatest effort has been made to ensure the quality of this text, due to the historical nature of this content, in some rare cases there may be minor issues with legibility. Twenty-seven years of active practice in the manufact ure of steel brought the author in daily contact with ques tions involving the manipulation of steel, its properties, and the results of any operations to which it was subjected. Blacksmiths, edge-tool makers, die-makers, machine builders, and engineers were continually asking questions whose answers involved study and experiment. During these years the Bessemer and the open-hearth processes were developed from infancy to their present enormous stature; and the shadows of these young giants, ever menacing to the expensive and fragile crucible, kept one in a constant state of watching, anxiety, and more study. The literature of steel has grown with the art; its books are no longer to be counted on the fingers, they are to be weighed in tons.