Short- and Long-Term Modality Effect in Multimedia Learning

In a multimethod laboratory study Alessia Ruf compared multimodal learning in system-paced and self-paced environments over time. The results show that overall participants achieved the highest learning success in short- and long-term when they learned with visual texts and controlled the learning time by themselves. These results reveal a general impression of the modality effect, show possibilities to improve e-learning systems and give recommendations for further research.