Rheumatoid Arthritis: Risk Factors, Health Effects and Treatment Options

In Rheumatoid Arthritis: Risk Factors, Health Effects and Treatment Options, the authors open by discussing discuss which bDMARDS and tsDMARDS might be preferred in particular situations, for example in the setting of previous malignancy or in those with an increased risk of infection. Emphasis will be placed on practical solutions for the busy clinician. Following this, they discuss the prevalence and implications of co-morbid depression in RA patients and sub-groups, focusing on ethnic minorities. The barriers to identification of depression and the reasons for low utilization of mental health care resources among specific ethnic groups are analyzed, taking into account patient perceptions of depression and its association with RA. Lastly, the current knowledge about the contribution of smoking as a risk factor for RA development and the possible mechanism of action is reviewed. In addition, the authors highlight the association of smoking habits with clinical, serological, radiographic damage statuses and comorbidities of RA. The benefits of designed smoking cessation intervention on RA outcomes will also be discussed.