Whilst the greatest effort has been made to ensure the quality of this text, due to the historical nature of this content, in some rare cases there may be minor issues with legibility. As defined by the title, our subject may be said to begin with the introduction of clocks; and, although primitive methods of time keeping should not, perhaps, be passed over without notice, it will be unnecessary to make more than a brief reference to them. It may be convenient and useful to begin with some explanation of the various time standards.