Kidney Biomarkers: Clinical Aspects

Renal diseases or kidney diseases are a set of chronic diseases or conditions that affect the functioning of the kidneys. They are classified into two major categories, namely, inflammatory kidney diseases (nephritis) or non-inflammatory kidney diseases (nephrosis). A biomarker or biologic marker is a measurable indicator of a specific biological state, particularly one relevant to the risk for, presence of, or stage of a disease. Biomarkers of renal diseases are used to screen and diagnose the activity of renal diseases, and guide molecularly targeted therapy or therapeutic response. The most accurate and promising biomarkers for detecting chronic kidney disease (CKD) are neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C and FGF-23. The risk stratification for the progression and mortality of kidney diseases can be improved by using ratio calculated by glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria (UACR). This book describes the most important biomarkers researched and studied in the context of renal diseases. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.