Diagnosis and Management of Impacted Canine

Impacted canines are a common dental anomaly, second only to third molars in frequency. These canines, often positioned in an ectopic location or failed to erupt, can lead to a variety of dental and functional complications, including malocclusion, root resorption of adjacent teeth, and esthetic concerns. The incidence of impacted canines ranges from 1% to 2%, with maxillary canines being more commonly affected, especially on the palatal side. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to improving treatment outcomes and minimizing long-term consequences. The etiology of impacted canines is multifactorial, with genetic factors, lack of space, premature loss of primary canines, and physical obstructions within the eruption path being key contributors. Radiographic evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Clinical examination should also include assessing the position of the tooth, surrounding structures, and the presence of any associated complications. Management options for impacted canines vary based on the severity of impaction, the age of the patient, and the position of the impaction.