Comprehensive Review on Oral Lichenoid Mucositis

Lichen planus is a common mucocutaneous disease affecting 1% to 2% of the population. Lesions occur on both mucosal and cutaneous surfaces (40%), or either of any one site. Oral Lichenoid reactions are considered to be variants of Lichen Planus. They can be considered as a separate entity or an exacerbation of lichen planus when exposed to drugs or in contact with dental materials. Lichenoid Mucositis and LP exhibit similar clinical and histologic findings. The two are distinguished from each other based on 2 factors: a) association with the administration of drugs, contact with metal, foodstuff, or systemic disease; b) resolution following the elimination of etiologic factors. Despite the diverse etiology, it is quite challenging to distinguish oral lichenoid reactions from oral lichen planus with immune-mediated pathogenesis. The prevalence of oral lichenoid reactions seems to be increasing. Most often, antibiotics, antihypertensives, gold compounds, diuretics, antimalarials, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are responsible for lichenoid reactions.