Civilian

In his book "Civilism," Clive Bell delves into the depth of the concept of civilization, reviewing how it has been shaped throughout different eras through a special mental perspective. Considering civilization as a kind of flavor that culture gives to the self-expression of societies, Bell seeks to define civilization through three prominent historical models: Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries BC, Italy during the Renaissance, and France in the eighteenth century. Bell identifies three main standards of civility that include common sense, a correct sense of values, and appreciation of art, highlighting how these standards lead to an enhanced individual''s status and appreciation for knowledge. The book also addresses the importance of the existence of an excellent class with an exemplary life as a path to achieving civilization, which makes the reader contemplate the future of humanity and the pursuit of progress and civilization.