The reconstruction of climatic changes in the Upper Quaternary is interesting in light of their impact on man and his environment. This knowledge should be of help in facing the problems that may arise in the future. This text focuses on a new model of climatic changes in the last 6000 years, and their influence on the peoples of the Middle East. It combines results from the natural sciences with historical documents and archaeological findings. It examines biblical events using hydrogeological and paleoclimatic developments.