Viruses in hematological malignancies

Over the years, the therapeutic management of hematological malignancies has undergone revolutionary advances with the new techniques of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the introduction of targeted therapy. These advances certainly offer better survival and quality of life, but their drawbacks are considerable. Indeed, immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy, and HSC transplantation are most often associated with a progressive alteration of the immune, humoral and cellular function, thus inducing infectious complications of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral types. These infections are an important cause of death, particularly after HSC transplantation or after intensive chemotherapy. However, it is important to note that much progress has been made in the management and prevention of these infections with the advent of molecular biology techniques offering early diagnosis and the marketing of new antiviral molecules offering better survival.