Translation of Comics. Using the Example of Superman"e;

Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Literature - Modern Literature, grade: 2,3, RWTH Aachen University (Anglistik), course: Translation Studies, language: English, abstract: Comics are "e;texts organised into sequential units, graphically separated from each other"e; (Saraceni 2003: 5) and "e;employ [...] both words and pictures"e; (ibid.). First, American comics were translated and pirated versions of works done by Rodolphe Topffer, a Swiss illustrator (cf. Duncan, Smith 2009: 25). In 1895, Richard F. Outcault published funny illustrations in the Sunday edition of Pulitzer's New York World, focusing on the New York Slums (cf. Schroder 1982: 12). "e;Hogan's Alley"e; soon became a popular weekly series featuring a little boy as the protagonist: The Yellow Kid, named after the accidentally "e;new"e; color of its nightgown (cf. ibid.). Outcault experimented with panels and word balloons, switching "e;back and forth from Victorian to modern comic styles"e; (Petersen 2011: 98). The Yellow Kid polarized the newspaper audience: on the one hand, people started anti-comic campaigns; on the other hand, it became a huge success for Pulitzer (cf. Schroder 1982: 12-13). However, Pulitzer's success through The Yellow Kid led to a war between him and William R.