This text is aimed at scholars, researchers and students in history and philosophy of science focusing on logical empiricism and analytic philosophy (of science). It: provides historical and systematic research; deals with the influence and impact of the Vienna Circle/logical empiricism on the philosophy of science; explores the intellectual context of this scientific philosophy; unites contributions by renowned scholars and a younger generation of philosophers; focuses on main figures and peripheral adherents; features crucial issues of logical empiricism; documents the activities of the Vienna Circle Institute; and includes reviews on related topics.