The Last Frontier

The campaign to secure for Rome what would have been the most northern outpost of its empire--Scotland--was continually resisted and ultimately thwarted. Despite a significant victory in AD 83, the Roman army was forced to retreat to the Antonine Wall around 142 and back to Hadrian's Wall around 180. Despite an invasion by the emperor himself in 209, the combined forces of the Picts and Scots proved too strong for the Romans.