Synthesis and characterization of La3+doped ferroelectric BNN ceramics

Ferroelectrics have begin a large number of applications in a variety of electronic, electro-optic, computer and communication devices such as memories, displays, printers, logic circuits, light modulation and deflectors, frequency chargers, photograph pick-ups, microphones, filters and detectors etc. During its history the study of ferroelectricity has been closely linked with device applications some have extensive use and are of great economic importance, while others of a specific nature. Usually a new material will be introduced into devices and systems owing if it often economic and /or performance advantages. Barium Sodium Niobate (BNN) has been found to be the one of the most versatile ferroelectric because of their many useful non linear, electro optic and piezoelectric properties. To obtain a high quality ferroelectric for a specific use it is necessary to understand various phenomena concerning structural and electrical properties of ferroelectrics. The material group of the tetragonal tungsten bronzes(TTBs) is very attractive due to its outstanding ferroelectric properties.