For readers' easy classification retrieval and reading, chapters were combined as per different topics during the revision, including four parts: root of the nation, historical politicians of China, academic ideas and cultures of China and the development of science, technology and society and economy of China. For the chapter of "e;root of the nation"e; was finalized in 1980s, it could not include completely the archaeological excavation achievements in various regions of China in recent 20 or 30 years, but the author has inferred the prehistoric human society and life development in China and verified the root of the Chinese nation with the unearthed wares in those years. They had the effect of making the finishing point for the subject of the book. In addition, the book describes the rise and decline of all dynasties of China through the historical politicians. And the readers could appreciate the essence of the Chinese academic ideas and cultures or look for the cultural heritages of agricultural and industrial science and technology of China so as to learn the social, economic and cultural development of China.