Risk-based Regulatory Design for the Safe Use of Hydrogen

<img src="e;https://assets.oecdcode.org/ilibraryres/img/eufunded-banner3.png"e; class="e;img-responsive"e; style="e;width:80%; padding-bottom:5px;"e; alt="e;EU Funded Note"e;/> Low-emission hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition to tackle the climate crisis. It can decarbonate hard-to-abate sectors still relying on fossil fuels, turn low-carbon electricity into a fuel that can be transported using pipelines and provide a green transport alternative, in particular for heavy-duty and long-distance transport. Given its potential to combat climate change, it can allow for a net reduction in societal risks if managed responsibly. However, while its potential is widely acknowledged, its application is not yet meeting ambitions. Regulation is crucial to facilitate its application and ensure its safety. This report analyses trends, risks, and regulation of hydrogen technologies across economies. It supports the use of low-emission hydrogen as part of the energy transition, by making recommendations for effective risk-based regulation, regulatory delivery and governance.