Review on Distribution and Control of Tsetse Fly

Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are hematophagous insects belonging to the genus Glossina within the family Glossinidae. These flies are exclusively found in tropical regions of Africa and play a significant role as vectors for African Trypanosomiasis, affecting both livestock and humans. Various control strategies have been implemented against tsetse flies, including the destruction of wildlife habitats, bush clearing, ground and aerial insecticide applications, the sterile insect technique (SIT), trapping methods, and the application of insecticides to livestock or artificial baits known as targets. This review aims to provide an overview of the distribution, ecology, behavior, and disease transmission roles of tsetse fly species, as well as to evaluate integrated control strategies.