Principles and Applications of Ferroelectrics

Ferroelectrics are materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, which can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. This unique property is akin to ferromagnetism in magnetic materials. Ferroelectric materials have a crystal structure that lacks a center of symmetry, enabling them to maintain a permanent electric dipole moment. When an external electric field is applied, these dipoles can be reoriented, which results in a switchable polarization state. Commonly used ferroelectric materials include barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate. They find applications in non-volatile memory devices, capacitors, piezoelectric sensors, and actuators due to their high dielectric permittivity and piezoelectric properties. The ability to retain polarization without a continuous power supply makes ferroelectrics invaluable in memory storage technology, while their responsiveness to mechanical stress is harnessed in various sensing and actuation technologies. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different properties of ferroelectrics, and their applications. Such selected concepts that redefine this area have been included herein. This book will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.