Presidential Performance in the Progressive Era

Presidential Performance in the Progressive Era: Leadership Stylefrom McKinley to Wilson continues Fred I. Greenstein's multivolume Presidential Difference Project. It follows Greenstein's matrix for evaluating presidential leadership: (1) public communication; (2) organizational capacity; (3) political skill and the extent to which it is harnessed to a (4) policy vision; (5) cognitive style; and (6) emotional intelligence. Here, these criteria are applied to the leadership styles of the four presidents of the Progressive Era: William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. The book begins by outlining Greenstein's matrix to assess presidential leadership style and providing an overview of the profound changes of and political challenges posed by the Progressive Era. Greenstein and coauthor Dale Anderson then examine each of the four presidents, first considering their lives and careers prior to the presidency to suggest influences on their character and leadership style. Next is a review of their performance as chief executive, highlighting key issues and policy decisions, and the discussion concludes with an analysis of their leadership according to the matrix. In the final chapter, the authors compare and contrast the four presidents as to each of the six criteria in the matrix.