In the not too distant past, periodontal surgery was considered "radical" treatment and root planing was considered "conservative". The conflict between these modalities of treatment was based on the fact that periodontal surgery was excisional. Although there are still indications for excisional periodontal surgery, newer surgical techniques tend to focus on regeneration of the lost periodontium. Periodontal plastic surgery represents one phase of regenerative periodontal surgery. Recognizing this, the 1996 World Workshop in Clinical Periodontics renamed mucogingival surgery as periodontal plastic surgery. The purpose of this book is to conduct an in-depth examination of periodontal plastic surgery, elucidating the diverse indications, limitations, and the nuanced interplay of anatomical, functional, and esthetic principles that govern successful mucogingival and esthetic periodontal interventions.