Management Cybernetics Evolution

This book reviews the underpinning principles and scientific trends of cybernetics and viable system model (VSM). Therefore, it could guide authors and managers active in management cybernetics and inform them about the past, current, and future trends in this discipline. Therefore, it guides authors and manager to most appropriate research directions in the field. In this paper, the steps of VSM development have been reviewed. Management cybernetics field that was introduced in 1959 by Beer is a combination of system, control, and management sciences . Beer presented VSM as an operational model in this area. Analyzing 1000 top ranked publications shows the introduction of this field reached maturity and further development became relatively mature. Moreover, based on analyzed trends, application of VSM model can now be strongly attractive.