Makarim al-akhlaq

Ghiyath al-Din Khwandamir (d. after 942/1535-6) is a Persian historian who worked for several Timurid rulers in Herat. After the capture of Herat by the Uzbeks in 912/1507 and their ousting by the Safavids in 916/1510, Khwandamir held no further public office there. In 927/1520 he went to Agra where he entered the service of the founder of the Mughal dynasty Babur (d. 937/1530) and, following the latter's death, his son Humayun (d. 963/1556). He died in India, where he was also laid to rest. Khwandamir is especially known for his Habib al-siyar, a universal history from the beginning of time until the reign of Shah Isma?il I (d. 930/1524). The present work, written at the beginning of his career, is a monument to the greatness of his first patron, the vizier Mir ?Ali Shir Nawa?i (d. 906/1501). Khwandamir's personal involvement in many of the events that it describes lends this work its special interest.