Lecture Notes in Computer Science

This 20-volume set LNCS 15842-15861 constitutes - in conjunction with the 4-volume set LNAI 15862-15865 and the 4-volume set LNBI 15866-15869 - the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2025, held in Ningbo, China, during July 26-29, 2025.The total of 1206 regular papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 4032 submissions.This year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. Therefore, the theme for this conference was "e;Advanced Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications"e;.