This book presents compact and informative descriptions of the most promising new projects in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. As in earlier volumes in this series, the contributions come from many of the best-known groups in BCI research. Each of these chapters provides an overview of a project that was nominated for the most prestigious award in the BCI community: the Annual BCI Research Award. The book also contains an introduction and discussion with a review of major trends reflected in the awards. This volume also introduces a new type of contribution, namely a chapter"e;Trends in BCI Research"e; that summarizes a top trend in the BCI research community. This year's "e;Trends in BCI Research"e; addresses BCI technology to help patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) and related conditions, including new work that goes beyond communication to diagnosis and even prediction.