Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence

The series of biannual international conferences "e;ANTS - International C- ference on Ant Colony Optimization and Swarm Intelligence"e;, now in its sixth edition, was started ten years ago, with the organization of ANTS'98. As some readers might recall, the ?rst edition of ANTS was titled "e;ANTS'98 - From Ant Colonies to Arti?cial Ants: First International Workshop on Ant Colony Op- mization. "e; In fact, at that time the focus was mainly on ant colony optimization (ACO), the ?rst swarm intelligence algorithm to go beyond a pure scienti?c interest and to enter the realm of real-world applications. Interestingly, in the ten years after the ?rst edition there has been a gr- ing interest not only for ACO, but for a number of other studies that belong more generally to the area of swarmintelligence. The rapid growth of the swarm intelligence ?eld is attested by a number of indicators. First, the number of s- missions and participants to the ANTS conferences has steadily increased over the years. Second, a number of international conferences in computational - telligence and related disciplines organize workshops on subjects such as swarm intelligence, ant algorithms, ant colony optimization, and particle swarm op- mization. Third, IEEE startedorganizing,in 2003,the IEEE SwarmIntelligence Symposium (in order to maintain unity in this growing ?eld, we are currently establishingacooperationagreementbetweenIEEE SISandANTSsoastohave 1 IEEE SIS in odd years and ANTS in even years). Last, the Swarm Intelligence journal was born.