Defining a "e;historic transition"e; means understanding how the complex system of intellectual, social, and material structures formed that determined the transition from a certain "e;universe"e; to a "e;new universe,"e; where the old explanations were radically rethought. In this book, a group of historians with specializations ranging from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries and across political, religious, and social fields, attempt a reinterpretation of "e;modernity"e; as the new "e;Axial Age."e;