This volume brings together the findings of an interdisciplinary dialogue on the complex relationships between image and writing in Mesoamerica. Building on the symposium 'On Mesoamerican codes of visual communication: the relationship between text and image', held as part of the 56th Congreso Internacional de Americanistas in Salamanca, the authors examine various systems of graphic representation, from the Maya region to the central regions of Mexico, and propose new interpretations of their operating principles, their mechanisms of complementarity, and the forms of visual thought that underpin them. The papers compiled here offer an up-to-date overview of theoretical reflections on visual communication in pre-Columbian societies, bringing together iconographic, epigraphic and cultural exchange perspectives. Rather than bringing a debate to a close, this book seeks to reignite the discussion on the categories that have served to understand the interaction between text and image in Mesoamerica, and to sustain the critical and collaborative spirit that gave rise to the Salamanca conference.