This text addresses the challenges faced by SMEs (small and medium enterprises) due to the globalization of the economy and discusses supporting technologies. It discusses the tendencies and experiences regarding: industrial strategies for peripheral regions; engineering and penetration of new markets; engineering and industrial survival in open markets; regional protection against newcomers; globalization of the economy and subcontracting; and achievement of the appropriate combination of automation and human-centred manufacturing. It focuses on SMEs from small geographical regions.