Race and Monstrosity in Dungeons & Dragons

This book examines how ideas of race in Dungeons & Dragons are rooted in more than 2,000 years of history, from ancient Greek depictions of "monstrous races" through early modern Europe. It shows how co-creator Gary Gygax formalized fantasy creatures using frameworks drawn from scientific taxonomy and nineteenth-century racial theory. These influences continue to shape how race functions in the game, especially in the depiction of orcs and drow--two groups identified by publisher Wizards of the Coast as particularly problematic.

The book begins with a historical overview, followed by close analysis of orcs and drow as case studies in racial representation. It includes interviews with players of color that provide insight into how race is experienced during play. A concluding chapter addresses recent revisions to the game's treatment of race, noting both progress and limitations. Even as terms shift from "race" to "species," the book argues, the foundational logic of classification remains embedded in the fantasy genre.