Photonic Crystal Fiber Structure Modeling and Simulation for Sensor Applications

A new class of optical fibers called photonic crystal fibers have superior light propagation characteristics. By appropriate modelling approaches, these fibers provide great confinement for optical radiation and can successfully minimise dispersion. With its structure of air holes along the length of the fiber, the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) offers a wide range of innovative optical properties and advancements over standard optical fibers. Innovative sensors for scientific, industrial, and biomedical purposes can be created employing fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Numerous crucial features of photonic crystal structures make them ideal for optical sensors. Investigations were also carried out on characteristics such as dispersion, the main challenges of fiber Bragg grating, and the difficulty of demodulating wavelength shift and thermal sensitivity. An improvement in the strain sensitivity was made through the introduction of polarization rotation in between the reference and sensing arms of PFBG using conventional fibers. Also, to overcome stretching problems in PCF, Polymer graphene-based hexagonal cladding is designed. A short overview of AI methods and their benefits is reviewed.