Network Pharmacology

This book presents a comprehensive and integrative exploration of network pharmacology, tracing its evolution from classical reductionist pharmacology to modern network therapeutics. It establishes the conceptual foundations of systems biology and network science, explaining how diseases arise from complex, interconnected molecular networks rather than single targets. The book systematically details computational infrastructures, databases, analytical workflows, and software tools essential for network pharmacology research, with emphasis on compound-target-disease networks, pathway enrichment, molecular docking, and multi-omics integration. Extensive chapters demonstrate applications in natural products, traditional and herbal medicine, drug repurposing, polypharmacology, and precision medicine. Advanced sections highlight the roles of artificial intelligence, digital twins, virtual patients, and network toxicology in next-generation drug discovery. The book also addresses critical regulatory, ethical, reproducibility, and intellectual property considerations, ensuring translational relevance.