Since the migration movements from Islamic countries, a Muslim diaspora has developed in many Western societies. While in classical Islamic theology residence in non-Muslim countries has always been a controversial issue, in the course of globalization and internationalization processes the classical distinction between "e;Islamic world"e; and "e;non-Islamic world"e; has been put into perspective. Now nearly 30 million Muslims live in Europe. The book offers an overview over Muslim communities in Europe, their history, present issues, and future challenges.