This book demonstrates the clinical value of "e;making Freud more Freudian"e;. The theoretical contributions of Charles Brenner are summarized and emphasized. They are built on an elaboration of Arlow's "e;fantasy function"e; and Freud's "e;compromise formation"e;. The author applies this theoretical perspective in elaboration of the concepts of narcissism, masochism, shame and guilt to the distinction between psychiatric and psychoanalytic diagnoses, as well as to a variety of specific clinical topics. Finally, the author emphasizes that the ubiquity of unconscious conflict demonstrates that all perceptions are subjective and relationships intersubjective.