IAEA Human Health Series

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has proven benefits as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceutical in oncology. However, it has limitations in the assessment of certain tumours, above all (but not only) prostate cancer. Therefore, several non-FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals have been introduced into the clinical arena over the last few years, and this trend will continue to spread. The use of PET/CT with different PET radiopharmaceuticals that tailor to the type of tumour and biologic process that needs to be assessed is part of personalized precision medicine. The objective of this publication is to provide a case-based way of understanding normal biodistribution, variants, and pitfalls, including several examples of typical patterns for the main indications for each of the new non-FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals. This should facilitate the interpretation of images to support accurate diagnosis. This Atlas will allow professionals interested in non-FDG PET/CT imaging to embrace the variety of oncological imaging by providing clinically relevant teaching files on the effectiveness and diagnostic quality of non-FDG-PET/CT imaging in routine applications.