Gather Your Ancestors

Historically, southeasternmost Africa has been home to a large variety of speech communities, including Nguni, East Bantu, Khoi, and San—the legacy of a long and complicated history of migration, interaction, assimilation, and disaggregation between many peoples. With detailed, careful analysis, Raevin Jimenez guides readers through a thousand years of human movement, cultural contact, and social development in this region. Taking a historical linguistics approach, she sheds new light on this history by focusing on Nguni speakers' use of gendered practices—including initiation, marriage, and avoidant speech known as hlónipha—to blend multilingual and diverse communities. Use of gendered institutions inaugurated variable social spaces that could either elide or accommodate difference and thus enabled a multiplicity of community types. Contrary to previous assumptions about the roles of men and women in precolonial southeasternmost Africa, Jimenez shows that gender impacted life and social interactions across a large variety of important domains and became a way of forming, negotiating, and maintaining community. These developments shaped and remain visible in southeastern African speech communities today, and understanding them is vital to understanding the region's long history and current linguistic society.