Optimize hydrocarbon revenue with effective fiscal system design. This working paper provides a comprehensive analysis of fiscal systems for hydrocarbons, offering guidance for governments and investors alike. It addresses the critical design issues involved in creating fiscal frameworks that balance the need to attract investment with the goal of maximizing government revenue and promoting sustainable development. Explore the key elements of legal and fiscal frameworks in the petroleum sector. Learn how to design flexible, neutral, and transparent systems that reconcile the often-conflicting objectives of host governments and investors. Discover how to manage risks, optimize government benefits, and encourage private sector investment. This resource is essential for policymakers, investors, and academics seeking to understand and improve fiscal systems for hydrocarbons. - Understand the trade-offs between different fiscal instruments. - Learn how to design systems that are resilient to price volatility. - Discover best practices for managing risk and attracting investment.