Earth and Environmental Science

This second edition of the book that targets those in computer algebra and artificial intelligence introduces Black Hole algorithm that is essential for optimizing hyperparameters, an important task in machine learning where mostly, stochastic global methods are used as well as ChatGPT, a novel and in the last few years, very popular Generative AI technology. In addition, fisher discriminant, a linear discriminant that can provide an optimal separation of objects, and the conversion of time series into images thereby making it possible to employ convolution neural network to classify time series effectively are presented.