Continuous Calibration of b-tagging algorithms with pTrel and sPlot

Diploma Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Physics - Theoretical Physics, grade: 1,3, TU Dortmund, language: English, abstract: Dive into the intricate world of particle physics with a groundbreaking exploration of b-tagging calibration at the ATLAS experiment, a cornerstone of research at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Unraveling the mysteries of the universe requires precision, and this book delves into the essential techniques used to identify bottom quarks, critical components in the decay of fundamental particles like the top quark and Higgs boson. Journey through the Standard Model of particle physics, the bedrock of our understanding, and witness its application in the sophisticated environment of the ATLAS detector system. Discover how physicists meticulously reconstruct particle interactions using the inner detector, calorimeters, and muon spectrometer, creating the foundation for advanced analysis. The heart of the book lies in the detailed comparison of two pivotal calibration methods: the established prel-method and the innovative sPlot technique. Explore the limitations of traditional approaches and witness the development of a continuous calibration method, a leap forward in precision. Grasp the mathematical formalism behind sPlot, understanding how it refines the calibration of b-tagging algorithms across all operating points. Through rigorous analysis of Monte Carlo simulations and real ATLAS data, the book meticulously addresses systematic uncertainties, revealing the challenges and triumphs of high-energy physics research. This is not just a theoretical exercise; it''s a practical guide to enhancing the accuracy of data analysis, pushing the boundaries of our knowledge about the fundamental building blocks of the cosmos. Whether you are a seasoned researcher or a curious student, this book provides invaluable insights into the cutting-edge techniques that are shaping the future of particle physics and our understanding of the universe. Keywords: b-tagging, ATLAS experiment, Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Standard Model, bottom quark, particle physics, calibration, prel-method, sPlot technique, Monte Carlo simulation, systematic uncertainties, data analysis, detector system, data reprocessing, physics objects.