Since the 1990s, the role of computational simulations in all aspects of aerospace design has steadily increased. However, despite the many advances, the time required for computations is far too long. This text examines new ideas and methodologies that may, by 2020, revolutionize scientific computing. The volume specifically looks at trends in algorithm research, human computer interface, network-based computing, surface modeling and grid generation and computer hardware and architecture. It provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art and provides guidelines for future research directions. It is intended for computational scientists active in the field and program managers making strategic research decisions.