Biomarkers in Endodontics

Endodontics is a specialized field of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of pulpal and periapical diseases. Accurate diagnosis is paramount for successful treatment; however, traditional diagnostic methods such as thermal, electric pulp testing, periapical radiography, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) have limitations, including subjectivity, operator dependence, and an inability to detect early molecular changes. This dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of biomarkers in endodontics, including their classification, sources, diagnostic significance, and clinical applications. It will also discuss the current challenges and future directions in this field, offering insights into how biomarkers could shape the future of endodontic practice.