Arab battles in Andalusia

Andalusia, the country that was ruled by Muslims for nearly eight centuries, and they established an immortal civilization witnessed by the remains of the palaces and cities they left behind, what its scholars wrote, and their role in enriching the foundations of European civilization. So why did Andalusia fall? A question that raises astonishment, but when we read "The Battles of Andalusia," our astonishment disappears. In his book, Boutros Al-Bustani traced the battles that the West fought in order to seize Andalusia, presenting the reasons for the weakness of the Andalusians. Andalusia lost its unity when the minister, Abu al-Hazm bin Jahur, announced the fall of the state and its disintegration into 22 small states. Which paved the way for the West to seize one state after another, and the last of these states was Granada, which fell in 1492 AD without the Muslims doing anything. The Mamluk and Ottoman states preferred to play the role of spectators, so that the king of the Arabs, the center of Islamic civilizational radiation in the West, would fall.