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?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? 15 ????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. Aleppo in the Writings of Historians, Scholars, Visitors and Literati sheds light on the ancient history of Aleppo, through descriptions, impressions and testimonies written by hundreds of historians, visitors, and writers, from across the globe, and over a time span of fifteen centuries. In this book, Hasan Kujjah discusses the relationship of these texts with the various civilizational aspects of the city, whose authenticity is characterized by its long existence, broad cultural heritage (in both tangible and intangible forms), and the open, pluralistic character, that distinguished the city through most of its historical stages. The book begins by providing an overview of the history of Aleppo, is supplemented by an appendix of photos, and lists the titles of hundreds of books written about the city.