When the Ice Is Gone

A New Yorker Best Book of the YearA remarkable scientific detective story. Bill McKibben, author of The End of NaturePaul Biermans realization that Greenlands ice sheet melted when Earth was no warmer than today sounds an alarm for our planet.In 2018, lumps of frozen soil, collected from the bottom of the worlds first deep ice core and lost for decades, reappeared in Denmark. When geologist Paul Bierman and his team first melted a piece of this unique material, they were shocked to find perfectly preserved leaves, twigs, and moss. That observation led them to a startling discovery: Greenlands ice sheet had melted naturally before, about 400,000 years ago. The remote islands ice was far more fragile than scientists had realizedunstable even without human interference.In When the Ice Is Gone, Bierman traces the story of this extraordinary finding, revealing how it radically changes our understanding of the Earth and its climate. A longtime researcher in Greenland, he begins with a brief history of the island, both human and geological, explaining how over the last century scientists have learned to read the historical record in ice, deciphering when volcanoes exploded and humans started driving cars fueled by leaded gasoline.For the origins of ice coring, Bierman brings us to Camp Century, a U.S. military base built inside Greenlands ice sheet, where engineers first drilled through mile-thick ice and into the frozen soil beneath. Decades later, a few feet of that long-frozen earth would reveal its secretsancient warmth and melted ice.Changes in Greenland reverberate around the world, with ice melting high in the arctic affecting people everywhere. Bierman explores how losing Greenlands ice will catalyze devastating events if we dont change course and address climate change now.