Shadow Warfare

The evolution of covert operations, detailing the tactics and tools used from the Truman era through the Obama Administration. Contrary to their contemporary image, deniable covert operations are not something new. Such activities have been ordered by every president and every administration since the Second World War. In many instances covert operations have relied on surrogates, with American personnel involved only at a distance, insulated by layers of deniability. Shadow Warfarepresents a balanced, non-polemic exploration of American secret warfare, detailing its patterns, consequences and collateral damage and presenting its successes as well as failures.It also explores the personalities and careers of many of the most noted shadow warriors of the past sixty years, tracing the decade-long relationship between the CIA and the military. Shadow Warsexplores why every president from Franklin Roosevelt on, felt compelled to turn to secret, deniable military action. It also delves into the political dynamic of the president's relationship with Congress and the fact that, despite decades of combat, the U.S. Congress has chosen not to exercise its responsibility to declare a single state of wareven for extended and highly visible combat.