Nuclear power is the world's second-largest source of low-carbon electricity, second only to hydroelectricity. The low-carbon electricity produced by nuclear power plants is a valuable tool for reducing reliance on fossil fuels, mitigating climate change, and decreasing greenhouse gas pollution. Furthermore, the development and review of emerging nuclear technologies, such as small modular reactors and advanced reactors, are critical. Given these considerations, significant investment in the oversight of nuclear facilities and materials is essential to ensure their safety and security. This book focuses on maintaining the safety and security of nuclear power plants and nuclear materials, providing a comprehensive examination of the current state and future potential of nuclear energy.