Kings of sects and views on the history of Islam

These are translated chapters from the book of the orientalist scholar "Dozi", and we chose to translate them into Arabic to show the point of view of a great European scholar. They - even if they sometimes differ from our opinions in some aspects - deserve to be read very carefully, as not everything that we are not satisfied with in terms of opinions is worthy of being dismissed and neglected.If the scholar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi says in his introduction to the explanation of "Al-Isharat" by Ibn Sina: "The report is not a response, and the interpretation is not a criticism." We should not say in turn: "Translation is also other than criticism." For this reason, I limited myself to conveying the opinions of that orientalist without discussion or comment, except for the necessary clarification of what I believe most readers need.