After its publication in 1967, <i>The Foundations of Scientific Inference</i> taught a generation of students and researchers about the problem of induction, the interpretation of probability, and confirmation theory. Fifty years later, Wesley C. Salmons book remains one of the clearest introductions to these fundamental problems in the philosophy of science. This anniversary edition of Salmons foundational work features a detailed introduction by Christopher Hitchcock, which examines the books origins, influences, and major themes, its impact and enduring effects, the disputes it raised, and its place in current studies, revisiting Salmons ideas for a new audience of philosophers, historians, scientists, and students.