This study is focused on transplant production in closed systems. Many of the authors are acknowledged as experts in their designated research area, and the book covers both biological and engineering aspects of transplant production, It represents an integration of multidisciplinary technologies and knowledge. A book entitled "Plant Production in Closed Ecosystems" published in 1997 covers similar topics, but "Transplant Production in the 21st Century" focuses on providing updated information and newer concepts for a closed system that is suitable for transplant production in the 21st century. It includes additional information related to biotechnology/micropropagation and micro-environmental analysis/control.