This book contains selected papers from a workshop on modern statistical methods in toxicology held during the EUROTOX '90 conference in Leipzig. The papers deal with the biostatistical evaluation of the commonly used toxicological assays, ie mutagenicity, long-term carcinogenicity, embryotoxicity and chronic toxicity assays. The biological background is considered in detail, and most of the related statistical approaches described. In five overview papers, up-to-date coverage of related topics is given, while in several papers new approaches are discussed. The most important features are: a new view on the per-litter analysis problem in embryotoxicity assays; a highly sophisticated treatment of the so-called muta-tox problem in mutagenicity assays; and a detailed discussion of the multiplicity problem based on the closed testing procedure. This book of proceedings on statistics, biostatistics, toxicology and cancer research is intended for researchers.